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------------------------------------------------------------
-- File : I2C_slave.vhd
------------------------------------------------------------
-- Author : Peter Samarin <peter.samarin@gmail.com>
------------------------------------------------------------
-- Copyright (c) 2016 Peter Samarin
------------------------------------------------------------
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.numeric_std.all;
------------------------------------------------------------
entity I2C_slave is
generic (
SLAVE_ADDR : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0));
port (
scl : inout std_logic;
sda : inout std_logic;
clk : in std_logic;
rst : in std_logic;
-- User interface
read_req : out std_logic;
data_to_master : in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
data_valid : out std_logic;
data_from_master : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));
end entity I2C_slave;
------------------------------------------------------------
architecture arch of I2C_slave is
-- this assumes that system's clock is much faster than SCL
constant DEBOUNCING_WAIT_CYCLES : integer := 4;
type state_t is (idle, get_address_and_cmd,
answer_ack_start, write,
read, read_ack_start,
read_ack_got_rising, read_stop);
-- I2C state management
signal state_reg : state_t := idle;
signal cmd_reg : std_logic := '0';
signal bits_processed_reg : integer range 0 to 8 := 0;
signal continue_reg : std_logic := '0';

signal scl_reg : std_logic := '1';
signal sda_reg : std_logic := '1';
signal scl_debounced : std_logic := '1';
signal sda_debounced : std_logic := '1';

-- Helpers to figure out next state
signal start_reg : std_logic := '0';
signal stop_reg : std_logic := '0';
signal scl_rising_reg : std_logic := '0';
signal scl_falling_reg : std_logic := '0';

-- Address and data received from master
signal addr_reg : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others => '0');
signal data_reg : std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) := (others => '0');
signal data_from_master_reg : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0) := (others => '0');

signal scl_prev_reg : std_logic := '1';
-- Slave writes on scl
signal scl_wen_reg : std_logic := '0';
signal scl_o_reg : std_logic := '0';
signal sda_prev_reg : std_logic := '1';
-- Slave writes on sda
signal sda_wen_reg : std_logic := '0';
signal sda_o_reg : std_logic := '0';

-- User interface
signal data_valid_reg : std_logic := '0';
signal read_req_reg : std_logic := '0';
signal data_to_master_reg : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0) := (others => '0');
begin

-- debounce SCL and SDA
-- SCL_debounce : entity work.debounce
-- generic map (
-- WAIT_CYCLES => DEBOUNCING_WAIT_CYCLES)
-- port map (
-- clk => clk,
-- signal_in => scl_reg,
-- signal_out => scl_debounced);

scl_debounced <= '1' when scl_reg='H' else scl_reg;

-- -- it might not make sense to debounce SDA, since master
-- -- and slave can both write to it...
-- SDA_debounce : entity work.debounce
-- generic map (
-- WAIT_CYCLES => DEBOUNCING_WAIT_CYCLES)
-- port map (
-- clk => clk,
-- signal_in => sda_reg,
-- signal_out => sda_debounced);

sda_debounced <= '1' when sda_reg='H' else sda_reg;

process (clk) is
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
-- save SCL in registers that are used for debouncing
scl_reg <= scl;
sda_reg <= sda;

-- Delay debounced SCL and SDA by 1 clock cycle
scl_prev_reg <= scl_debounced;
sda_prev_reg <= sda_debounced;
-- Detect rising and falling SCL
scl_rising_reg <= '0';
if scl_prev_reg = '0' and scl_debounced = '1' then
scl_rising_reg <= '1';
end if;
scl_falling_reg <= '0';
if scl_prev_reg = '1' and scl_debounced = '0' then
scl_falling_reg <= '1';
end if;

-- Detect I2C START condition
start_reg <= '0';
stop_reg <= '0';
if scl_debounced = '1' and scl_prev_reg = '1' and
sda_prev_reg = '1' and sda_debounced = '0' then
start_reg <= '1';
stop_reg <= '0';
end if;

-- Detect I2C STOP condition
if scl_prev_reg = '1' and scl_debounced = '1' and
sda_prev_reg = '0' and sda_debounced = '1' then
start_reg <= '0';
stop_reg <= '1';
end if;

end if;
end process;

----------------------------------------------------------
-- I2C state machine
----------------------------------------------------------
process (clk) is
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
-- Default assignments
sda_o_reg <= '0';
sda_wen_reg <= '0';
-- User interface
data_valid_reg <= '0';
read_req_reg <= '0';

case state_reg is

when idle =>
if start_reg = '1' then
state_reg <= get_address_and_cmd;
bits_processed_reg <= 0;
end if;

when get_address_and_cmd =>
if scl_rising_reg = '1' then
if bits_processed_reg < 7 then
bits_processed_reg <= bits_processed_reg + 1;
addr_reg(6-bits_processed_reg) <= sda_debounced;
elsif bits_processed_reg = 7 then
bits_processed_reg <= bits_processed_reg + 1;
cmd_reg <= sda_debounced;
end if;
end if;

if bits_processed_reg = 8 and scl_falling_reg = '1' then
bits_processed_reg <= 0;
if addr_reg = SLAVE_ADDR then -- check req address
state_reg <= answer_ack_start;
if cmd_reg = '1' then -- issue read request
read_req_reg <= '1';
data_to_master_reg <= data_to_master;
end if;
else
assert false
report ("I2C: target/slave address mismatch (data is being sent to another slave).")
severity note;
state_reg <= idle;
end if;
end if;

----------------------------------------------------
-- I2C acknowledge to master
----------------------------------------------------
when answer_ack_start =>
sda_wen_reg <= '1';
sda_o_reg <= '0';
if scl_falling_reg = '1' then
if cmd_reg = '0' then
state_reg <= write;
else
state_reg <= read;
end if;
end if;

----------------------------------------------------
-- WRITE
----------------------------------------------------
when write =>
if scl_rising_reg = '1' then
bits_processed_reg <= bits_processed_reg + 1;
if bits_processed_reg < 7 then
data_reg(6-bits_processed_reg) <= sda_debounced;
else
data_from_master_reg <= data_reg & sda_debounced;
data_valid_reg <= '1';
end if;
end if;

if scl_falling_reg = '1' and bits_processed_reg = 8 then
state_reg <= answer_ack_start;
bits_processed_reg <= 0;
end if;

----------------------------------------------------
-- READ: send data to master
----------------------------------------------------
when read =>
sda_wen_reg <= '1';
sda_o_reg <= data_to_master_reg(7-bits_processed_reg);
if scl_falling_reg = '1' then
if bits_processed_reg < 7 then
bits_processed_reg <= bits_processed_reg + 1;
elsif bits_processed_reg = 7 then
state_reg <= read_ack_start;
bits_processed_reg <= 0;
end if;
end if;

----------------------------------------------------
-- I2C read master acknowledge
----------------------------------------------------
when read_ack_start =>
if scl_rising_reg = '1' then
state_reg <= read_ack_got_rising;
if sda_debounced = '1' then -- nack = stop read
continue_reg <= '0';
else -- ack = continue read
continue_reg <= '1';
read_req_reg <= '1'; -- request reg byte
data_to_master_reg <= data_to_master;
end if;
end if;

when read_ack_got_rising =>
if scl_falling_reg = '1' then
if continue_reg = '1' then
if cmd_reg = '0' then
state_reg <= write;
else
state_reg <= read;
end if;
else
state_reg <= read_stop;
end if;
end if;

-- Wait for START or STOP to get out of this state
when read_stop =>
null;

-- Wait for START or STOP to get out of this state
when others =>
assert false
report ("I2C: error: ended in an impossible state.")
severity error;
state_reg <= idle;
end case;

--------------------------------------------------------
-- Reset counter and state on start/stop
--------------------------------------------------------
if start_reg = '1' then
state_reg <= get_address_and_cmd;
bits_processed_reg <= 0;
end if;

if stop_reg = '1' then
state_reg <= idle;
bits_processed_reg <= 0;
end if;

if rst = '1' then
state_reg <= idle;
end if;
end if;
end process;

----------------------------------------------------------
-- I2C interface
----------------------------------------------------------
sda <= sda_o_reg when sda_wen_reg = '1' else
'Z';
scl <= scl_o_reg when scl_wen_reg = '1' else
'Z';
----------------------------------------------------------
-- User interface
----------------------------------------------------------
-- Master writes
data_valid <= data_valid_reg;
data_from_master <= data_from_master_reg;
-- Master reads
read_req <= read_req_reg;
end architecture arch;
(2-2/18)